Common Types of Burns

Thermal Burns

Thermal burns happen when heat damages the skin and underlying tissue. This can come from hot liquids, flames, steam, or hot surfaces. These are the most common type of burns and range from mild to very serious.

Find a Burn Center First Aid for Minor Burns

What It Is

A thermal burn is caused by contact with something hot enough to raise skin temperature and destroy tissue. Depending on how hot and long the contact lasts, a thermal burn may affect the outer layer or reach deeper into fat, muscle, or even bone.

Symptoms

Red, painful skin
Swelling or blisters
Peeling or white/blackened skin (in deeper burns)
Numbness or severe pain
Shock, especially in large or deep burns

Common Causes

Hot liquids (like boiling water or grease)
Fire or open flames
Hot surfaces (stoves, irons, pipes)
Steam burns
Explosions or flash burns

Treatments

Cool the burn immediately with cool (not cold) running water for 10–20 minutes
Remove clothing or jewelry near the burn, unless stuck to the skin
Cover with a clean, dry cloth or sterile gauze
Avoid ice, ointments, or popping blisters

Seek emergency help if:

The burn is large or deep
It’s on the face, hands, feet, genitals, or over a joint
There are signs of shock or trouble breathing

Recovery

Minor thermal burns may heal within 1–2 weeks with basic care
More serious burns may require:
- Medical wound care and dressings
- Pain relief and infection prevention
- Physical or occupational therapy
- Surgery or skin grafts (for deeper burns)
Healing may take weeks or months and could involve long-term scar care

Support

Thermal burns are painful and emotionally difficult, especially when they affect appearance or movement
Support groups and survivor networks can help you or your loved ones adjust
Emotional and mental health resources are just as necessary as physical healing