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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) After Burn Injury

Emotional recovery can take time—understanding PTSD helps survivors and caregivers recognize when and how to seek support.

After a traumatic event like a burn injury, it’s common to experience distress, both mental and physical. These are often signs the brain is trying to protect the body from further harm. Most symptoms fade over time. But if they continue or interfere with daily life, they may be signs of PTSD. Knowing what to expect can help survivors, caregivers, and the care team support healing in all its forms.


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What is PTSD?

PTSD is a set of symptoms that can occur after experiencing, witnessing, or learning about a traumatic event, like a burn injury. These symptoms can show up days, weeks, or even months later. PTSD affects adults, children, family members, and even care providers. 

Early symptoms, often called acute stress responses, are normal and often temporary. But if they persist or worsen, PTSD may develop. 

PTSD symptoms may include:

  • Nightmares or restless sleep 

  • Flashbacks or feeling as if the trauma is happening again 

  • Feeling detached or “in a daze” 

  • Avoiding reminders of the injury or event 

  • Startling easily or feeling constantly on guard 

  • New fears or anxiety in certain situations 

  • Mood changes, irritability, or difficulty concentrating 

  • In children: repetitive play that mimics the trauma or fearful behaviors 

Who is at Risk?

PTSD does not affect everyone who experiences trauma, but it’s more likely in some situations. Higher risk factors include: 

Burn injuries caused by assault or repeated trauma

Personal or family history of anxiety, depression, or PTSD

High levels of pain or fear during hospitalization

Previous traumatic experiences

Lack of social support during recovery

Children whose caregivers are experiencing trauma-related symptoms

Children and PTSD

Children are particularly vulnerable, especially when their caregivers are struggling. Symptoms may look different in kids—acting out, nightmares, new fears, or behavioral changes. 

Posttraumatic Growth (PTG)

Not all long-term responses to trauma are negative. Some survivors report new strength, appreciation for life, or a deeper connection to others. This is known as posttraumatic growth and is more likely when survivors use humor, gratitude, determination, and strong support systems. 

How PTSD Can Affect Daily Life

Avoiding social or work situations

Disrupted sleep and energy levels

Difficulty returning to regular routines

Challenges in relationships

Feelings of fear, anger, or hopelessness

Reduced ability to concentrate or enjoy activities

Tips for Managing PTSD Symptoms

Nightmares

  • Wake up, ground yourself, and remind yourself you’re safe 

  • Avoid screens or eating after waking 

  • Try visualizing a new ending for the nightmare 

Anxiety or Hyperarousal

  • Use relaxation techniques like deep breathing, mindfulness, yoga, or gentle exercise 

  • Practice regularly to build resilience 

When to Ask for Help 

Reach out to your care team or a mental health provider if: 

  • Symptoms last for weeks or months 

  • Daily life, work, or relationships are affected 

  • You’re avoiding situations or people out of fear 

  • You’re feeling hopeless, anxious, or emotionally overwhelmed 

Flashbacks or Intrusive Thoughts

  • Imagine a stop sign or use grounding techniques 

  • Practice thinking about a safe or pleasant place 

  • Recognize you have control over your thoughts 

Avoidance Behaviors

  • If fear is interfering with your routine, try a fear hierarchy—gradual steps toward re-engagement 

  • Pair exposure with relaxation techniques 

  • Seek professional support to guide the process 

PTSD is treatable. 

The most effective treatments include trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This short-term, skills-based approach helps manage anxiety, build coping tools, and reshape how you think about the trauma. Medication may also help with sleep, anxiety, or depression during recovery. 

Let your care team know if you or someone in your family needs support. Help is available—and healing is possible. 

Related Resources

Find a Burn Center
Psychological Distress After Burn Injury
Sleep Problems After Burn Injury
Phoenix Survivors for Burn Survivors
National Child Traumatic Stress Network
National Institute of Mental Health

Disclaimer

This information is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Talk to your health care provider about the right pain management options for you. 

Attribution

Adapted from the MSKTC factsheet: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), with contributions from medical experts and burn survivors.